The following year, he took up a post at the Mariinsky Hospital for the poor. From there he was assigned to a Moscow hospital, where he served as military doctor, and in 1818, he was appointed a senior physician. In 1809, the 20-year-old Mykhailo Dostoevsky enrolled in Moscow's Imperial Medical-Surgical Academy.
Before the war of 1812 he signed in Ukrainian – "Mykhailo" and only during the war, when he worked as a military doctor, he began to sign in Russian – "Mikhail". From there, as one of the best students, he was sent to study at the Medical and Surgical Academy in Moscow after training he became one of the best doctors at the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor. Another son, Mykhailo the writer's father, studied at the Podolsk seminary, which was then founded in Shargorod. After him, his son Lev ruled in Viitovtsi 1820–1829. Andriy Dostoevsky, the writer's grandfather, was a priest in 1782-1820, signed in Ukrainian – "Andriy". Mikhail Andreyevich Dostoevskyĭostoevsky's immediate ancestors on his mother's side were merchants the male line on his father's side were priests. Ancestryĭostoevsky's parents were part of a noble family of Russian Orthodox Christians.The family traced its roots back to a Tatar, Aslan Chelebi-Murza, who in 1389 defected from the Golden Horde and joined the forces of Dmitry Donskoy, the first prince of Muscovy to openly challenge the Mongol authority in the region, and whose descendant, Danilo Irtishch, was ennobled and given lands in the Pinsk region for centuries part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, now in modern-day Belarus in 1509 for his services under a local prince, his progeny then taking the name "Dostoevsky" based on a village there called Dostoïevo. His books have been translated into more than 170 languages. His writings were widely read both within and beyond his native Russia and influenced an equally great number of later writers including Russians such as Tolstoy Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Anton Chekhov, philosophers Friedrich Nietzsche and Jean-Paul Sartre and the emergence of Existentialism and Freudianism. For a time, he had to beg for money, but he eventually became one of the most widely read and highly regarded Russian writers.ĭostoevsky was influenced by a wide variety of philosophers and authors including Pushkin, Gogol, Augustine, Shakespeare, Dickens, Balzac, Lermontov, Hugo, Poe, Plato, Cervantes, Herzen, Kant, Belinsky, Hegel, Schiller, Solovyov, Bakunin, Sand, Hoffmann, and Mickiewicz. He began to travel around western Europe and developed a gambling addiction, which led to financial hardship. In the following years, Dostoevsky worked as a journalist, publishing and editing several magazines of his own and later A Writer's Diary, a collection of his writings. He spent four years in a Siberian prison camp, followed by six years of compulsory military service in exile. Arrested in 1849 for belonging to a literary group that discussed banned books critical of Tsarist Russia, he was sentenced to death but the sentence was commuted at the last moment. In the mid-1840s he wrote his first novel, Poor Folk, which gained him entry into Saint Petersburg's literary circles. After graduating, he worked as an engineer and briefly enjoyed a lavish lifestyle, translating books to earn extra money. His mother died in 1837 when he was 15, and around the same time, he left school to enter the Nikolayev Military Engineering Institute. His 1864 novel Notes from Underground is considered to be one of the first works of existentialist literature.īorn in Moscow in 1821, Dostoevsky was introduced to literature at an early age through fairy tales and legends, and through books by Russian and foreign authors. Many literary critics rate him as one of the greatest psychological novelists in world literature. Dostoevsky's body of works consists of 12 novels, four novellas, 16 short stories, and numerous other works.
His most acclaimed works include Crime and Punishment 1866, The Idiot 1869, Demons 1872, and The Brothers Karamazov 1880. Dostoevsky's literary works explore human psychology in the troubled political, social, and spiritual atmospheres of 19th-century Russia, and engage with a variety of philosophical and religious themes. God and devil are fighting there, and the battlefield is the heart of man.įyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, was a Russian novelist, philosopher, short story writer, essayist, and journalist. Beauty is mysterious as well as terrible.
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